In psychology, orientation refers to a person's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to their identity and how they view themselves in relation to others and the world around them.
There are several different types of orientation that psychologists study:
Sexual orientation: Refers to a person's emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to individuals of a particular gender. The most commonly recognized sexual orientations are heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual.
Gender orientation: Refers to a person's sense of themselves as girl, boy, woman, man, or a gender that is non-binary or outside the traditional binary categories of man, woman, girl, and boy. The key difference with sexual orientation is attraction. Gender identity is about who a person is not who they are attracted to.
Cultural orientation: Refers to a person's affiliation with and identification with a particular culture, including their values, beliefs, and customs.
Religious orientation: In the psychology of religion, scientists have studied three main orientations in some depth: Intrinsic (a deep and personal commitment), Extrinsic ( the use of religion to pursue nonreligious goals), Quest (an ongoing search for meaning without relying on simple answers).
Political orientation: Refers to a person's attitudes and beliefs about political issues and their preferred political ideology. Examples of political orientations include: conservatism, liberalism, libertarianism, socialism, progressivism, nationalism, communism.
Cognitive orientation: Refers to a person's habitual thought patterns, including their preferences for certain types of information and their approach to problem-solving.
Reality orientation: Refers to an intervention for people who have a cognitive impairment including dementia. Staff continually reminded people of their names, the date, and what is happening in the present. Environmental cues include calendars, clocks, and photos.
Psychotherapy orientation: Refers to a psychotherapists preferred approach to psychotherapy. For example, a therapist may draw upon various techniques but their primary orientation or understanding of a person and their needs may be organized by concepts fitting a particular theory such as Adlerian, Jungian, Cognitive-Behavioral, and so on.
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Sutton, G. W., Kelly, H. L., & Huver, M. E. (2020). Political identities, religious identity, and the pattern of moral foundations among conservative Christians. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 48(3), 169–187. ResearchLink
Geoffrey W. Sutton, PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology. He retired from a clinical practice and was credentialed in clinical neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. His website is www.suttong.com
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