The Hawthorne effect is a psychological finding that people modify their behavior when they become aware that they are being watched. The effect is named for experiments at the Western Electric plant in Cicero Illinois.
The researchers looked for changes in production associated with changes in the work place but found that worked increased production in response to being observed.
For a review of Hawthorne Effect research, see McCambridge et al. (2014).
Reference
McCambridge, J., Witton, J., & Elbourne, D. R. (2014). Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 67(3), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015
To read more, also see
Parsons H. What happened at Hawthorne? Science. 1974;183:922–932.
Sommer R. The Hawthorne dogma. Psychol Bull. 1968;70(6 Pt 1):592–595
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