Burnout is a condition marked by a decrease in performance and motivation and an increase in negative comments about oneself or others. Burnout usually affects several areas of functioning commonly leaving a person languishing between wellbeing and illbeing although some may have a mental health condition.
Burnout
can be experienced in one or more areas of functioning. See the SCOPES model (Sutton, 2026). SCOPES is a Six Dimensional Framework briefly applied to burnout as follows.
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Cite this post
Sutton, G. W. (2022, April 14). Burnout-Psychological Perspective. Psychology Concepts and Theories. https://suttonpsychology.blogspot.com/2022/04/burnout.html
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BURNOUT IN SIX DIMENSIONS (SCOPES FRAMEWORK)
S Self- loss
of interest in previously important personal development or self-enhancing
activities; negative self-esteem; impaired self-efficacy; lowered interest in vital spiritual or religious activities associated with self-identity
C Cognition- impaired attention, thinking and problem-solving; negative self-comments
O Observable
behavior- sluggishness, apathy
P Physical-tired, insomnia, low energy; may have stress-related health disorders; long-term stress affects several systems: immune, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive. Some may develop an alcohol or other substance disorder.
E Emotional-feeling frustrated and angry, loss of happiness and enthusiasm; prolonged stress can include anxiety disorders
S Social-
not wanting to interact with others, feeling negative toward others; avoiding social spaces associated with the source of burnout
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Burnout is
common in occupations or activities involving high levels of work with people—especially
aggressive people, people who require high levels of attention, or people dealing
with acute trauma
Burnout
also occurs in activities requiring continuous high levels of performance.
The term
burnout (burn-out) is attributed to psychologist Herbert J. Freudenberger
(1974).
Job stress
can lead to burnout and may be inversely related to job satisfaction in
teachers regardless of working in regular or special education settings (Sutton
& Huberty, 1984).
A review
of research indicated burnout was linked to multiple effects including physical
or health effects, psychological effects including depression, and changes in
behavior such as absenteeism (See Salvagioni et al., 2017).
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Recovery from Burnout
Those at risk for burnout improved by reconstructing their off-work time to engage in nonwork activities (Oerlemans & Baker, 2014).
In a study focused on Internal Medicine Residents, The researchers (Abedini et al., 2018) found a few factors helpful including recognition of burnout, making connections with patients and colleagues, finding meaning in medicine, and redefining their professional identity. These findings may be useful hypotheses to develop strategies for other professionals.
Recovery depends on the nature and persistence of the stressor. Clinicians recognize mild and severe types of burnout. The latter has been called "clinical burnout" (van Dam, 2021).
Not everyone recovers from burnout. When severe burnout leads to time off work, several factors may lead to maintaining the burnout symptoms thus time off work alone will not necessarily lead to recovery (See Almén, 2021).
How to Measure burnout
Burnout References
Abedini, N. C., Stack, S. W., Goodman, J. L., & Steinberg, K. P. (2018). “It's Not Just Time Off”: A Framework for Understanding Factors Promoting Recovery From Burnout Among Internal Medicine Residents. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 10(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-17-00440.1
Almén N. (2021). A Cognitive Behavioral Model Proposing That Clinical Burnout May Maintain Itself. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073446
Freudenberger,
H. J. (1974). Staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 30,159-165.
Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Burnout and daily recovery: A day reconstruction study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 19(3), 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036904
Salvagioni, D., Melanda, F. N., Mesas, A. E., González, A. D., Gabani, F. L., & Andrade, S. M. (2017). Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: A systematic review of prospective studies. PloS one, 12(10), e0185781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185781van Dam, A. (2021). A clinical perspective on burnout: diagnosis, classification, and treatment of clinical burnout. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(5), 732–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1948400
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