group polarization in psychology

 

Group polarization is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a group discussion leads individuals in the group to adopt more extreme or polarized views than they originally held. In other words, group polarization refers to the tendency of group discussion to amplify pre-existing opinions and attitudes.

The underlying mechanism of group polarization is social comparison theory, which posits that people often compare themselves to others to evaluate their beliefs and attitudes. In a group setting, individuals may shift their opinions toward the dominant view to fit in or appear more socially desirable. Moreover, the exchange of information among group members can lead individuals to adopt more extreme positions than they would have on their own.

Some common factors that contribute to group polarization include:

Group cohesion: When group members feel a strong sense of belonging, they may be more likely to adopt extreme views to maintain group harmony.

Informational influence: Group members may learn new information from each other that strengthens their pre-existing beliefs and leads them to become more extreme.

Normative influence: Group members may conform to social norms or expectations within the group, leading to polarization.

The consequences of group polarization can be significant, including the amplification of negative attitudes and the formation of extremist groups. To prevent group polarization, it is essential to encourage diversity of viewpoints and promote critical thinking and open-mindedness within the group.

 

Geoffrey W. Sutton, PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology. He retired from a clinical practice and was credentialed in clinical neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. His website is  www.suttong.com

 

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Dr. Sutton’s posts are for educational purposes only. See a licensed mental health provider for diagnoses, treatment, and consultation.