Groupthink in psychology

A group*

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a group of people with a shared goal or interest make decisions that prioritize maintaining group cohesion over critical thinking and rational decision-making. In other words, groupthink refers to the tendency of a group to conform to a consensus opinion, even if that opinion is flawed or incorrect.

Groupthink can occur in a variety of settings, including business, politics, and social groups. It often arises when there is a strong sense of cohesion and conformity within the group, leading members to prioritize agreement over independent thought.

Some common features of groupthink include:

• Overconfidence in the group's abilities and decision-making processes
• Pressure to conform to the group's views and avoid dissent
• Minimization of alternative viewpoints and information that contradicts the group's beliefs
• Stereotyping of outsiders or those who disagree with the group
• Illusion of unanimity, where the group assumes everyone is in agreement without testing for dissent.

The consequences of groupthink can be significant, including flawed decision-making, missed opportunities, and even disastrous outcomes. 

To avoid groupthink, it is essential to encourage independent thought, consider alternative viewpoints, and promote constructive criticism and debate within the group.

Groupthink and the Psychology of Religion

I have learned of groups of religious leaders making decisions about hiring or building based on consensus. When all agreed on a course of action, the group considered this to be God's leading or God's Spirit at work. In some cases, projects failed and people were lost considerable investments. In other cases, resources were wasted when an important hire did not work out. In such cases, groupthink and the overconfidence effect may be at work.

Geoffrey W. Sutton, PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology. He retired from a clinical practice and was credentialed in clinical neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. His website is  www.suttong.com

 

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*The photo is from Bing search for an image of "group" identified as free to use and share and does not imply the people are engaged in "groupthink."