The hot-cold empathy gap effect is a finding that hot or cold empathy states influence decision-making thus, the hot-cold empathy gap is a cognitive bias.
Hot and cold refer to emotional states. Emotional states influence the ability of people to understand themselves or others in a different emotional state.
A hot emotional state includes states of anger, excitement, fear, and stress.
A cold emotional state is neutral or calm. In a neutral state, there is little or no desire or arousal.
A person's current emotional state interferes with their ability to understand their own past behavior, which occurred in a different state. And the current emotional state interferes with the ability to estimate attitudes, preferences, and behavior in a hypothetical future state.
A person's current emotional state interferes with the ability to understand someone else who is in a different emotional state. This can interfere with effective relationships such as doctor-patient care and empathy for a patient's pain.
The empathy gap is represented by the relative lack of understanding the important effects of emotions on cognition and behavior.
Learn more in Boven, Loewenstein, Dunning, and Nordgren
In the SCOPES model, hot and cold states clearly focus on Emotion (E). A hot Emotional (E) state like fear links to C (Cognition), fearful behavior (O), Physiological (P) activity (e.g., cortisol, adrenaline, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, etc.), and social interactions (S) such as avoidance of people or places.
Geoffrey W. Sutton, PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology. He retired from a clinical practice and was credentialed in clinical neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. His website is www.suttong.com
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