The Kuleshov effect, named for Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov, refers to the effect of the juxtaposition of film clips on meaning.
The sequence of film shots can change what the clips mean to the viewer compared to viewing the clips by themselves.
Research quotation:
Nearly a century ago, Soviet filmmaker Lev Kuleshov demonstrated that the manipulation of context can alter an audiences’ perception of an actor's facial expressions, thoughts and feelings. For example, juxtaposition of identical archived clips of actor Ivan Mozzhukhin's face with either a scene of a funeral or a child playing led the audience to infer Mozzhukhin's emotional disposition as subtly melancholic or happy, respectively (Kawin, 1992). Despite the somewhat anecdotal nature of Kuleshov's observations, subsequent empirical work has confirmed that appropriate contextual framing will cause an observer to perceive neutral faces as happy or sad (Wallbott, 1988), angry faces as fearful (Carroll and Russell, 1996) and screams as joyful (Goldberg, 1951). Importantly, while this phenomenon is a ubiquitous tool of filmmakers it also speaks to the highly complex way in which context influences social attributions.Geoffrey W. Sutton, PhD is Emeritus Professor of Psychology. He retired from a clinical practice and was credentialed in clinical neuropsychology and psychopharmacology. His website is www.suttong.com
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