identity formation

Identity formation is a concept in developmental psychology. According to Erikson (1968).

 identity formation is the primary task of adolescence.

Two key processes are:

   1. exploration- the active questioning of options

   2. commitment- making life choices

According to Marcia (1966), four statuses are possible:

   1. achievement- a commitment after exploration

   2. foreclosure- commitment without exploration

   3.moratorium- exploration without commitment

   4. diffusion- no commitment and no exploration

Further work by Luyckx et al., (2008) resulted in the following processes:

Two commitment processes

   1. commitment making

   2. commitment with identification

Three exploration processes

   1. exploration in breadth - considering many options

   2. exploration in depth- rethinking the options

   3. ruminative exploration- continuously reviewing the options

Learn more about identity and the self at this link

Identity is at the core of the Self in the SCOPES model of human functioning.

References

Erikson E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York, NY: Norton.

Luyckx K., Schwartz S. J., Berzonsky M. D., Soenens B., Vansteenkiste M., Smits I., Goossens L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1):58–82. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.004.

Marcia J. (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5):551–558. doi: 10.1037/h0023281.

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emerging adulthood

 Emerging adulthood is a concept in developmental psychology that refers to the period ranging from the late teens into the twenties. The main features of the concept are life changes and identity exploration.

A researcher associated with the concept of emerging adulthood is Arnett (2000).

Reference

Arnett J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood. American Psychologist, 55(5),469–480. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469.

identity foreclosure

In career studies, identity foreclosure refers to an early focus on a particular career, which excludes other possibilities that might be more suitable as a person's awareness of their interests and abilities develops.

Identity foreclosure is an outcome status within the processes as a part of identity formation.

For example, in recent years many students declare a psychology major in their first year. After accumulating a substantial amount of coursework, they may earn their degree or even pursue a graduate degree before acknowledging that their interests or abilities lie elsewhere.

 See identity formation for more details.

Please check out my website   www.suttong.com

   and see my books on   AMAZON       or  GOOGLE STORE

Also, consider connecting with me on    FACEBOOK   Geoff W. Sutton    

   TWITTER  @Geoff.W.Sutton    

You can read many published articles at no charge:

  Academia   Geoff W Sutton     ResearchGate   Geoffrey W Sutton