Benign senescent forgetfulness refers to typical declines in memory associated with aging.
Please check out my website www.suttong.com
and see my books on AMAZON or GOOGLE
STORE
Also,
consider connecting with me on FACEBOOK Geoff W. Sutton
TWITTER @Geoff.W.Sutton
You can read many published articles at no charge:
Academia Geoff W Sutton ResearchGate
Geoffrey
W Sutton
Mental reserve is the capacity of brains to enable people to function adequately despite disease or damage to the brain.
Because brain damage often impairs memory important to solving problems, mental reserve, cognitive reserve, or brain reserve are terms used in conjunction with some memory studies.
The term cognitive reserve has been used since the 1980s when autopsies revealed signs of Alzheimer's disease in people who functioned adequately. It appeared they had sufficient mental or cognitive reserve capacity to compensate for the disease.
Studies that investigate cognitive reserve are generally addressing the Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis. The Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis states that intellectual enrichment produces cognitive efficiency, which results in Cognitive Reserve as a protection against expected disease-linked cognitive impairment.
Cognitive reserve is an inferred concept. That is, when people do better than expected following brain trauma or disease, clinicians infer that the better performance is due to cognitive reserve (Schwartz et al., 2016).
Carolyn Schwartz and her team (2016) suggest cognitive reserve should be a broader or multidimensional concept than the typical focus on cognitive skills. They include physical, socio-emotional, and spiritual components.
Brains affected by disease require extra effort to function as well as before the disease. Diseases that can affect the brain include Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and forms of dementia.
High levels of cognitive reserve are associated with people who have high levels of education and occupational status as well as high participation in nonwork activities. Cognitive activity is generally considered to be a helpful factor in high levels of cognitive reserve.
An extensive study conducted by Isobel Evans and her team (2018) explored the role of social activity and cognitive reserve. Following is part of their conclusion:
After controlling for age, gender, education, and physically limiting health conditions, social isolation was associated with cognitive function at baseline and two year follow-up. Cognitive reserve moderated this association longitudinally. Findings suggest that maintaining a socially active lifestyle in later life may enhance cognitive reserve and benefit cognitive function. (Abstract)
Scientists who study cognitive reserve include neuropsychologists, neurologists, neuroscientists and behavioral neurologists.
References
Evans, IEM,
Llewellyn, DJ, Matthews FE, Woods, RT, Brayne, C, Clare, L, et al. (2018)
Social isolation, cognitive reserve, and cognition in healthy older people. PLoS
ONE 13(8): e0201008.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201008
Schwartz, C.E., Rapkin,
B.D. & Healy, B.C. Reserve and Reserve-building activities research: key
challenges and future directions. BMC Neurosci 17, 62 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-016-0297-0
Please check out my website www.suttong.com
and see my books on AMAZON or GOOGLE
STORE
Also,
consider connecting with me on FACEBOOK Geoff W. Sutton
TWITTER @Geoff.W.Sutton
You can read many published articles at no charge:
Academia Geoff W Sutton ResearchGate
Geoffrey
W Sutton
The problem of transience is what we may often call forgetting. It is a typical problem.
In the history of psychology, early work on forgetting as a function of time was studied experimentally by German philosopher, Hermann Ebbinghaus who learned nonsense syllables then plotted his recall over time. A month after learning a list he had forgotten 75% but he had lost 60% after 9 hours! Thus, after the initial loss, the rate of loss declined. Since then, many psychological scientists have studied memory and forgetting in many ways both in labs and field (real life) settings.
Memory for words can distinguish between older adults with and without Alzheimer's disease.
An important series of studies by the neurologist Herman Buschke and his colleagues shows that levels of forgetting in a word memory test can distinguish between healthy older individuals and those with Alzheimer’s disease. (Schacter, p. 42)
People recall and forget different details of shared events.
Some people have better memories than others.
It's not surprising to find disagreements
when memories are shared during the holidays.
APA Reference
Schachter, D. L. (2021). The seven sins of memory: How the mind forgets and remembers. Updated Edition. New York: Mariner. Link to Book
Key terms
#forgetting #memoryloss #memoryproblems #Alzheimer's
Please check out my website www.suttong.com
and see my books on AMAZON or GOOGLE
STORE
Also,
consider connecting with me on FACEBOOK Geoff W. Sutton
TWITTER @Geoff.W.Sutton
You can read many published articles at no charge:
Academia Geoff W Sutton ResearchGate
Geoffrey
W Sutton