Self-Efficacy Theory

 

Self-efficacy is the perception that a person can act in a way to achieve a desired goal. 

In 1977, Albert Bandura of Stanford University wrote an extensive article on the theory of self-efficacy. He proposed that our perceptions of self-efficacy come from four sources: “performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states (191).”

A substantial body of research has been done on the concept of self-efficacy. Recent formulations of self-efficacy focus attention on specific dimensions of self-efficacy. Thus we find researchers studying the relationship of self-efficacy to different outcomes like coping with stress, teaching, academic achievement, and so forth.

Some researchers have studied self-efficacy on a broad basis but this can lead to the assessment of competencies in many areas of functioning as seen in the 104-item Self-Efficacy Survey (Panc et al., 2012).

Assessing and helping people develop self-efficacy are useful skills for psychotherapists, health care workers, coaches, educators, parents, and anyone else involved in helping people assess their strengths and achieve their goals.

Cite this post

Sutton, G.W. (2020, November 12). Self-efficacy theory. Retrieved from https://suttonpsychology.blogspot.com/2020/11/self-efficacy-theory.html

A Reference Book edited by Albert Bandura

Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies

Measures of Self-Efficacy

    New General Self-Efficacy Scale

    Academic Self-Efficacy Scale for Students

 

    Academic Self-Efficacy Scale

   Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Anxiety Scale >>  MSEAQ

   Reading Self-Efficacy Scales  >>     RSES

   Spiritual Modeling Self-Efficacy Scale >>  SMSE

   

   Diet Self-efficacy Scale >>   DIET-SE

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References

Bandura, A (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review. 84 (2): 191–215.

Panc, T. Mihalcea, A., & Panc, I. (2012). Self-Efficacy Survey: a new assessment tool. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33, 880-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.01.248.

Mentalscape- Psychology Concept

 

Mentalscape refers to the cognitions present in mind as described by a person as if they were describing what they are watching in a short video. 

In the context of a meaningful conversation, a person might ask another what they are thinking. The response reveals their mentalscape. A lengthy response might be more like the description of a video instead of a still image. Mentalscapes are more like paintings or creative videos than those taken by a camera because the person describing the scene interprets their world based on their memories, experiences, cognitive biases and so forth. Memory is dynamic. We interact with our memories. When we speak about them, they are created works albeit often, but not always, based on real life experiences.

The mentalscape reveals the patterns of thought. The patterns are schemes or schemata that organize categories of information or concepts and the relationships among them. 

In psychotherapy, a clinician may ask a client to describe an experience. That experience becomes present in the mind and becomes the current mentalscape. The memory is viewed in the present as if the client were describing a scene, but neither the clinician nor the client has direct access to the original, untouched, external event.

Memories, Mentalscape, scheme

Rumination in Psychology

 Rumination is a repeated negative thought or cognition about the past, which produces emotional distress. The condition is common in obsessive-compulsive and generalized anxiety disorders. The repeated negative thoughts can be difficult to control.

Although it is possible to repeat positive thoughts, the focus is usually on the problem of repeated negative thoughts. Rumination is a barrier to forgiveness when an offended person rehearses a past offense.

In the literature, articles by Nolen-Hoeksema and his colleagues explore rumination.

References- read more

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Morrow, J. (1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115–121.

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wilco, B.E. & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424.